标准资料网-标准资料免费资源平台

【英文标准名称】:StandardGuideforDeterminingDNASingle-StrandDamageinEukaryoticCellsUsingtheCometAssay
【原文标准名称】:用彗星分析法测定真核细胞中DNA单线损伤的标准指南
【标准号】:ASTME2186-2002a(2010)
【标准状态】:现行
【国别】:美国
【发布日期】:2002
【实施或试行日期】:
【发布单位】:美国材料与试验协会(US-ASTM)
【起草单位】:E47.02
【标准类型】:(Guide)
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:
【英文主题词】:biomarker;cellular;Cometassay;DNAdamage;DNAstrandbreaks;stresseffects;toxic;Eukaryoticcells;Single-cellgel(SCG)electrophoresisassay;Single-strandDNAdamage;Stress--environmentaleffects;Biomarker;Cometassay;DNA(deoxyribonuc
【摘要】:AcommonresultofcellularstressisanincreaseinDNAdamage.DNAdamagemaybemanifestintheformofbasealterations,adductformation,strandbreaks,andcrosslinkages(19).Strandbreaksmaybeintroducedinmanyways,directlybygenotoxiccompounds,throughtheinductionofapoptosisornecrosis,secondarilythroughtheinteractionwithoxygenradicalsorotherreactiveintermediates,orasaconsequenceofexcisionrepairenzymes(20-22).Inadditiontoalinkagewithcancer,studieshavedemonstratedthatincreasesincellularDNAdamageprecedeorcorrespondwithreducedgrowth,abnormaldevelopment,andreducedsurvivalofadults,embryos,andlarvae(16,23,24).TheCometassaycanbeeasilyutilizedforcollectingdataonDNAstrandbreakage(9,25,26).Itisasimple,rapid,andsensitivemethodthatallowsthecomparisonofDNAstranddamageindifferentcellpopulations.Aspresentedinthisguide,theassayfacilitatesthedetectionofDNAsinglestrandbreaksandalkalinelabilesitesinindividualcells,andcandeterminetheirabundancerelativetocontrolorreferencecells(9,16,26).Theassayoffersanumberofadvantages;damagetotheDNAinindividualcellsismeasured,onlyextremelysmallnumbersofcellsneedtobesampledtoperformtheassay(x003C;10000),theassaycanbeperformedonpracticallyanyeukaryoticcelltype,andithasbeenshownincomparativestudiestobeaverysensitivemethodfordetectingDNAdamage(2,27).Thesearegeneralguidelines.Therearenumerousproceduralvariantsofthisassay.Thevariationusedisdependentuponthetypeofcellsbeingexamined,thetypesofDNAdamageofinterest,andtheimagingandanalysiscapabilitiesofthelabconductingtheassay.TovisualizetheDNA,itisstainedwithafluorescentdye,orforlightmicroscopeanalysistheDNAcanbesilverstained(28).Onlyfluorescentstainingmethodswillbedescribedinthisguide.ThemicroscopicdeterminationofDNAmigrationcanbemadeeitherbyeyeusinganocularmicrometerorwiththeuseofimageanalysissoftware.Scoringbyeyecanbeperformedusingacalibratedocularmicrometerorbycategorizingcellsintofourtofiveclassesbasedontheextentofmigration(29,30).ImageanalysissystemsarecomprisedofaCCDcameraattachedtoafluorescentmicroscopeandsoftwareandhardwaredesignedspecificallytocaptureandanalyzeimagesoffluorescentlystainednuclei.Usingsuchasystem,itispossibletomeasurethefluorescenceintensityanddistributionofDNAinandawayfromthenucleus(8).Usingdifferentproceduralvariants,theassaycanbeutilizedtomeasurespecifictypesofDNAalterationsandDNArepairactivity(1,3,8,10,13,14,17,18).Alkalinelysisandelectrophoresisconditionsareusedforthedetectionofsingle-strandedDNAdamage,whereasneutralpHconditionsfacilitatethedetectionofdouble-strandbreaks(31).VarioussampletreatmentscanbeusedtoexpressspecifictypesofDNAdamage,orasinonemethod,topreservestranddamageatsitesofDNArepair(10).Nucleasedigestionstepscanbeusedtointroducestrandbreaksatspecificlesionsites.Usingthisapproach,oxidativebasedamagecanbedetectedbytheuseofendonucleaseIII(18),aswellasDNAmodificationsresultingfromexposuretoultravioletlight(UV)throughtheuseofT4endonucleaseV(3).Modificationsofthistypevastlyexpandtheutilityofthisassayandaregoodexamplesofitsversatility.Asufficientknowledgeofthebiologyofcel.......
【中国标准分类号】:C05
【国际标准分类号】:07_100_01
【页数】:10P.;A4
【正文语种】:英语


【英文标准名称】:Informationtechnology.Telecommunicationsandinformationexchangebetweensystems.Localandmetropolitanareanetworks.Specificrequirements.Demand-priorityaccessmethod,physicallayerandrepeaterspecifications
【原文标准名称】:信息技术.系统之间电讯和信息交换.局域网和都市网.特殊要求.需求优先存取法.物理层和中继站规范
【标准号】:BSISO8802-12-1999
【标准状态】:作废
【国别】:英国
【发布日期】:1999-05-15
【实施或试行日期】:1999-05-15
【发布单位】:英国标准学会(GB-BSI)
【起草单位】:
【标准类型】:()
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:兼容性;识别方法;阻抗;中继器;数据传输方法;信号传输;数据组织;电信系统;城域网;城域网;协议执行一致命题;开放系统互连;数据包;数据传输;物理层(开放系统互连);可混用性;通信网;单传输;帧;电气安全;电缆;信息交流;计算机网络;局域网;安全措施;电信;通路;数据传送;星形网络;都市网;都市网;目标(数据处理);编码(数据转换);数据处理;协议;接口
【英文主题词】:repeaters;coding(dataconversion);telecommunicationsystems;electricalsafety;dataorganization;informationexchange;safetymeasures;datatransmission;computernetworks;datatransmissionmethods;compatibility;access;identificationmethods;metropolitanareanetworks;metropolitanareanetworks;pics;packets(datatransmission);localareanetworks;simplextransmission;electricalimpedance;objects(dataprocessing);physicallayer(osi);datatransfer;protocols;opensystemsinterconnection;communicationnetworks;telecommunication;interfaces(dataprocessing);dataprocessing;signaltransmission;electriccables;starnetworks;frames(datatransmission)
【摘要】:
【中国标准分类号】:L79
【国际标准分类号】:35_110
【页数】:454P.;A4
【正文语种】:英语